bulge bracket

Currently, the average annual research spend by bulge-bracket banks is down to $ 600 m.

目前, 华尔街超大型投资银行在研究上的年均花费降至6亿美元.

Its success in Asia over the past three years raises big questions for the bulge-bracket firms.

过去三十年里,渣打的成功为投资银行公司提出许多难题.

As their rivals collapsed or were bought last year, bulge-bracket investment banks like Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley converted themselves into ordinary bank holding companies, accepting tougher regulation in exchange for access to government aid.

随着竞争对手们去年破产或被收购，大型投资银行，如高盛（goldman sachs）和摩根士丹利（morgan stanley），将自身转换为普通银行控股公司，接受严格的监管，换取政府援助。